Chapter 18 Vocabulary
Point Source- factories, power plants, sewage treatment plants, underground coal mines and oil wells, they discharge pollution from specific locations.
Non Point Source- scattered and diffused, runoff from fields, golf courses, ect.
Atmospheric Deposition- nonpoint pollution, carried by air currents and precipitated into watersheds or directly onto surface waters as rain, snow or dry particles.
Coliform Bacteria- any of the many types that live in the colon or intestines of humans and other animals.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)- The impact of wastes into water is expressed in terms of this. A standard test of the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by aquatic microorganisms over a five day period.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Content- using oxygen electrodes, the content of water depends on factors other than pollution (temp. and aeration) usually more directly related to whether aquatic organisms survive
Oxygen Sag- The oxygen decline downstream.
Oligotrophic- rivers and lakes that have clear water and low biological productivity
Eutrophic- waters that are rich in organisms and organic materials.
Cultural Eutrophication- An increase in biological productivity and ecosystem succession caused by human activities
Red tide- Bloom of deadly aquatic microorganisms called dinoflagellates
Thermal Plume- The water drawn from a river or lake that is used to cool hot industrial machines and is reintroduced back into the ecosystem, they can disrupt the environment
Total Maximum Daily Loads (LMDL)- The amount of a particular pollutant that a water body can receive from both point and nonpoint sources.
Primary Treatment- the first step in municipal waste treatment. It physically sperates large solids from the waste stream.
Secondary Treatment- Biological degradation of the dissolved organic compounds; an aeration tank, or sewage lagoon
Tertiary Treatment- Removes plant nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates from the secondary effluent.
Effluent Sewage- a hybrid between a traditional septic tank and a full sewer system.
Best Practicable Control Technology (BPT) and Best Available, Economically Achievable Technology (BAT)- set national goals to make all water fishable and capable of being swam in. For toxic substances and zero discharge for 126 priority toxic pollutants.
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